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The Schmidt sting pain index is a pain scale rating the relative pain caused by different hymenopteran stings. It is mainly the work of Justin O. Schmidt (born 1947), an entomologist at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Arizona. Schmidt has published a number of papers on the subject, and claims to have been stung by the majority of stinging Hymenoptera. His original paper in 1983 was an attempt to systematize and compare the hemolytic properties of insect venoms.〔Schmidt, J. O., Blum, M. S., and Overal, W. L. "Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms", Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 1:155–160, 1983.〕 The index contained in the paper started from 0 for stings that are completely ineffective against humans, progressed through 2, a familiar pain such as a common bee or wasp sting and finished at 4 for the most painful stings. ''Synoeca septentrionalis'', along with other wasps in the ''Synoeca'' genus, bullet ants and tarantula hawks were the only species to attain this ranking. In the conclusion, some descriptions of the most painful examples were given, e.g.: "''Paraponera clavata'' stings induced immediate, excruciating pain and numbness to pencil-point pressure, as well as trembling in the form of a totally uncontrollable urge to shake the affected part." Subsequently, Schmidt has refined his scale, culminating in a paper published in 1990, which classifies the stings of 78 species and 41 genera of Hymenoptera. Schmidt described some of the experiences in vivid detail. An entry in ''The Straight Dope'' reported that "implausibly exact numbers" which do not appear in any of Schmidt’s published scientific papers were "wheedled out of him" by ''Outside'' magazine for an article it published in 1996.〔Cecil Adams (May 11, 2012) (''Did the creator of the Schmidt Sting Pain Index volunteer to get stung by everything on earth?'' ), ''The Straight Dope''〕 In September 2015 Schmidt was co-awarded the Ig Nobel Biology prize with Michael Smith, for their Hymenoptera research.〔(BBC news )〕 == See also == * Dol scale to measure pain * Starr sting pain scale "A Pain Scale for Bee, Wasp and Ant Stings" by Christopher Starr 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Schmidt sting pain index」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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